.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.clangd
+compile_commands.json
+

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@ target_include_directories(clock PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
 
 add_subdirectory(lib/pico-ssd1306)
 
+pico_generate_pio_header(clock ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/quadrature_encoder.pio)
+
 # Pull in standard library and hardware abstraction
 target_link_libraries(clock 
 	pico_stdlib
 	hardware_gpio
+	hardware_pio
 	hardware_i2c
 	pico_multicore
 	pico_ssd1306

include/EncoderHandler.h

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 class EncoderHandler {
   private:
+		uint sm;
+		uint last_count;
 
 
   public:
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ class EncoderHandler {
 		void setup();
     static void gpio_callback(uint gpio, uint32_t events);
 		void moveCursor(bool dir = 1);
+		void update();
 };
 
 #endif

include/globals.h

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ static constexpr uint8_t OUT_8_PIN = 14;
 static constexpr uint8_t SCREEN_SCL_PIN = 18;
 static constexpr uint8_t SCREEN_SDA_PIN = 19;
 
+// Modify moves per detent if your encoder is acting weird
+// for me, with 20 detents per full rotation, 4 works
+static constexpr uint8_t TICKS_PER_DETENT = 4;
 static constexpr uint8_t ENCODER_CLK_PIN = 20;
 static constexpr uint8_t ENCODER_DT_PIN = 21;
 static constexpr uint8_t ENCODER_SW_PIN = 22;

quadrature_encoder.pio

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+;
+; Copyright (c) 2023 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+;
+; SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+;
+.pio_version 0 // only requires PIO version 0
+
+.program quadrature_encoder
+
+; the code must be loaded at address 0, because it uses computed jumps
+.origin 0
+
+
+; the code works by running a loop that continuously shifts the 2 phase pins into
+; ISR and looks at the lower 4 bits to do a computed jump to an instruction that
+; does the proper "do nothing" | "increment" | "decrement" action for that pin
+; state change (or no change)
+
+; ISR holds the last state of the 2 pins during most of the code. The Y register
+; keeps the current encoder count and is incremented / decremented according to
+; the steps sampled
+
+; the program keeps trying to write the current count to the RX FIFO without
+; blocking. To read the current count, the user code must drain the FIFO first
+; and wait for a fresh sample (takes ~4 SM cycles on average). The worst case
+; sampling loop takes 10 cycles, so this program is able to read step rates up
+; to sysclk / 10  (e.g., sysclk 125MHz, max step rate = 12.5 Msteps/sec)
+
+; 00 state
+    JMP update    ; read 00
+    JMP decrement ; read 01
+    JMP increment ; read 10
+    JMP update    ; read 11
+
+; 01 state
+    JMP increment ; read 00
+    JMP update    ; read 01
+    JMP update    ; read 10
+    JMP decrement ; read 11
+
+; 10 state
+    JMP decrement ; read 00
+    JMP update    ; read 01
+    JMP update    ; read 10
+    JMP increment ; read 11
+
+; to reduce code size, the last 2 states are implemented in place and become the
+; target for the other jumps
+
+; 11 state
+    JMP update    ; read 00
+    JMP increment ; read 01
+decrement:
+    ; note: the target of this instruction must be the next address, so that
+    ; the effect of the instruction does not depend on the value of Y. The
+    ; same is true for the "JMP X--" below. Basically "JMP Y--, <next addr>"
+    ; is just a pure "decrement Y" instruction, with no other side effects
+    JMP Y--, update ; read 10
+
+    ; this is where the main loop starts
+.wrap_target
+update:
+    MOV ISR, Y      ; read 11
+    PUSH noblock
+
+sample_pins:
+    ; we shift into ISR the last state of the 2 input pins (now in OSR) and
+    ; the new state of the 2 pins, thus producing the 4 bit target for the
+    ; computed jump into the correct action for this state. Both the PUSH
+    ; above and the OUT below zero out the other bits in ISR
+    OUT ISR, 2
+    IN PINS, 2
+
+    ; save the state in the OSR, so that we can use ISR for other purposes
+    MOV OSR, ISR
+    ; jump to the correct state machine action
+    MOV PC, ISR
+
+    ; the PIO does not have a increment instruction, so to do that we do a
+    ; negate, decrement, negate sequence
+increment:
+    MOV Y, ~Y
+    JMP Y--, increment_cont
+increment_cont:
+    MOV Y, ~Y
+.wrap    ; the .wrap here avoids one jump instruction and saves a cycle too
+
+
+
+% c-sdk {
+
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "hardware/gpio.h"
+
+// max_step_rate is used to lower the clock of the state machine to save power
+// if the application doesn't require a very high sampling rate. Passing zero
+// will set the clock to the maximum
+
+static inline void quadrature_encoder_program_init(PIO pio, uint sm, uint pin, int max_step_rate)
+{
+    pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(pio, sm, pin, 2, false);
+    pio_gpio_init(pio, pin);
+    pio_gpio_init(pio, pin + 1);
+
+    gpio_pull_up(pin);
+    gpio_pull_up(pin + 1);
+
+    pio_sm_config c = quadrature_encoder_program_get_default_config(0);
+
+    sm_config_set_in_pins(&c, pin); // for WAIT, IN
+    sm_config_set_jmp_pin(&c, pin); // for JMP
+    // shift to left, autopull disabled
+    sm_config_set_in_shift(&c, false, false, 32);
+    // don't join FIFO's
+    sm_config_set_fifo_join(&c, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_NONE);
+
+    // passing "0" as the sample frequency,
+    if (max_step_rate == 0) {
+        sm_config_set_clkdiv(&c, 1.0);
+    } else {
+        // one state machine loop takes at most 10 cycles
+        float div = (float)clock_get_hz(clk_sys) / (10 * max_step_rate);
+        sm_config_set_clkdiv(&c, div);
+    }
+
+    pio_sm_init(pio, sm, 0, &c);
+    pio_sm_set_enabled(pio, sm, true);
+}
+
+static inline int32_t quadrature_encoder_get_count(PIO pio, uint sm)
+{
+    uint ret;
+    int n;
+
+    // if the FIFO has N entries, we fetch them to drain the FIFO,
+    // plus one entry which will be guaranteed to not be stale
+    n = pio_sm_get_rx_fifo_level(pio, sm) + 1;
+    while (n > 0) {
+        ret = pio_sm_get_blocking(pio, sm);
+        n--;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+%}

src/DisplayHandler.cpp

@@ -78,8 +78,41 @@ void DisplayHandler::moveCursor(bool dir) {
 					outputs[currentOut]->modifierSelectionIndex = std::size(MOD_TYPES) - 1;
 				}
 				
+			} else if (currentScreen == 2) { // width control
+				outputs[currentOut]->editing = 1;
+				if (dir == 1) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->width++;
+				} else {
+					outputs[currentOut]->width--;
 				}
 
+				if (outputs[currentOut]->width > 100) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->width = 100;
+				}
+
+				if (outputs[currentOut]->width < 1) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->width = 1;
+				}
+
+				outputs[currentOut]->setWidth(outputs[currentOut]->width);
+
+			} else if (currentScreen == 3) {
+
+				outputs[currentOut]->editing = 1;
+				if (dir == 1) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->p++;
+				} else {
+					outputs[currentOut]->p--;
+				}
+
+				if (outputs[currentOut]->p > 100) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->p = 100;
+				}
+
+				if (outputs[currentOut]->p < 0) {
+					outputs[currentOut]->p = 0;
+				}
+			}
 		}
 
 	} else {
@@ -111,16 +144,17 @@ void DisplayHandler::handleClick() {
 
 		if (onOutScreen) {
 			if (currentScreen == 0) { // exit screen
-				cursorPosition = currentOut;
+				cursorPosition = currentOut + 1;
 				currentOut = -1;
 				currentScreen = 0;
 				onOutScreen = 0;
+				cursorClick = false;
 			}
 
 			if (currentScreen == 1 && outputs[currentOut]->editing == 1) {
 				outputs[currentOut]->setDiv(outputs[currentOut]->modifierSelectionIndex);
-				cursorClick = 0;
 				outputs[currentOut]->editing = 0;
+				cursorClick = false;
 			}
 		} else {
 
@@ -198,7 +232,8 @@ void DisplayHandler::renderMainPage() {
 
 
 void DisplayHandler::renderOutPage() {
-	std::string title = std::to_string(currentOut) + "| " + out_pages[currentScreen];
+	uint8_t visualOut = currentOut + 1;
+	std::string title = std::to_string(visualOut) + "| " + out_pages[currentScreen];
 	pico_ssd1306::drawText(display, font_12x16, title.c_str(), 1, 2);
 
 	std::string param_string;

src/EncoderHandler.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "globals.h"
 #include <string>
 #include <cstdlib>
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "quadrature_encoder.pio.h"
 
 
 static EncoderHandler* self = nullptr;
@@ -19,53 +21,59 @@ EncoderHandler::EncoderHandler(DisplayHandler* display_handler) {
 
 
 void EncoderHandler::gpio_callback(uint gpio, uint32_t events) {
-	static uint64_t last_sw_time = 0;
-	static uint64_t last_rotate_time = 0;
     uint64_t now = to_us_since_boot(get_absolute_time());
+    static uint64_t last_sw_time = 0;
 
-	if (gpio == ENCODER_SW_PIN) { // handle button press
+    if (gpio == ENCODER_SW_PIN) {
-		if (now - last_sw_time > 200000) {
+        if (now - last_sw_time > 200000) { // 200ms debounce
             self->display_handler->handleClick();
             last_sw_time = now;
         }
-	} else if (gpio == ENCODER_CLK_PIN) { // handle encoder turn
-
-		if (now - last_rotate_time < 5000) return;
-
-		if (events & GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_FALL) {
-			if (gpio_get(ENCODER_CLK_PIN) == 0) {
-
-				uint16_t dt_state = gpio_get(ENCODER_DT_PIN);
-
-				if (dt_state) {
-					self->display_handler->moveCursor();
-				} else {
-					self->display_handler->moveCursor(0);
     }
 }
 
-			last_rotate_time = now;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
 void EncoderHandler::setup() {
+    self = this;
+
+    // 1. Setup Button (Standard GPIO)
     gpio_init(ENCODER_SW_PIN);
     gpio_set_dir(ENCODER_SW_PIN, GPIO_IN);
     gpio_pull_up(ENCODER_SW_PIN);
     
-	gpio_init(ENCODER_CLK_PIN);
+    // Enable IRQ only for the switch
-	gpio_set_dir(ENCODER_CLK_PIN, GPIO_IN);
+    gpio_set_irq_enabled_with_callback(ENCODER_SW_PIN, GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_FALL, true, &EncoderHandler::gpio_callback);
-	gpio_pull_up(ENCODER_CLK_PIN);
 
+    // 2. Setup Rotation (PIO)
+    // Note: ENCODER_CLK_PIN and ENCODER_DT_PIN must be consecutive!
+    PIO pio = pio0;
+    uint offset = pio_add_program(pio, &quadrature_encoder_program);
+    this->sm = pio_claim_unused_sm(pio, true);
+    
+    // Internal pull-ups still needed for the PIO pins
+    gpio_init(ENCODER_CLK_PIN);
+    gpio_pull_up(ENCODER_CLK_PIN);
     gpio_init(ENCODER_DT_PIN);
-	gpio_set_dir(ENCODER_DT_PIN, GPIO_IN);
     gpio_pull_up(ENCODER_DT_PIN);
 
-	clk_last_state = gpio_get(ENCODER_CLK_PIN);
+    quadrature_encoder_program_init(pio, sm, ENCODER_CLK_PIN, 0);
     
-	gpio_set_irq_enabled_with_callback(20, GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_RISE | GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_FALL, true, &EncoderHandler::gpio_callback);
+    this->last_count = 0;
-	gpio_set_irq_enabled(21, GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_RISE | GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_FALL, true);
+}
-	gpio_set_irq_enabled(22, GPIO_IRQ_EDGE_FALL, true);
+
+// Call this in your main loop or a timer
+void EncoderHandler::update() {
+    int32_t current_count = quadrature_encoder_get_count(pio0, this->sm);
+    
+    int32_t delta = current_count - last_count;
+
+    if (abs(delta) >= TICKS_PER_DETENT) {
+        
+        if (delta < 0) { // Changed from > to < to reverse direction
+            display_handler->moveCursor();    // Clockwise
+        } else {
+            display_handler->moveCursor(0); // Counter-clockwise
+        }
+
+        last_count = current_count - (delta % TICKS_PER_DETENT);
+    }
 }

src/Gate.cpp

@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ void Gate::setLen(uint32_t currentPeriod) {
 void Gate::setDiv(uint8_t modifier_selecton_index) {
 	switch(modifier_selecton_index) {
 		case 0: // x8 (32nd triplets)
-			tickInterval = 8;   // 96 / 12 hits per beat
+			tickInterval = 12;   // 96 / 12 hits per beat
 			isEnabled = true;
 			divideMode = 0;
 			modifier = 8;
 			break;
 		case 1: // x4 (16th triplets)
-			tickInterval = 16;  // 96 / 6 hits per beat
+			tickInterval = 24;  // 96 / 6 hits per beat
 			isEnabled = true;
 			divideMode = 0;
 			modifier = 4;
 			break;
 		case 2: // x2 (8th triplets)
-			tickInterval = 32;  // 96 / 3 hits per beat
+			tickInterval = 48;  // 96 / 3 hits per beat
 			isEnabled = true;
 			divideMode = 0;
 			modifier = 2;

src/main.cpp

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ int main() {
 	update_period();
 
 	while (true) {
+		encoder_handler.update();
 		handle_outs();
 	}
 }